Effective demand response for smart grids: Evidence from a real-world pilot

Symbol Definition Ai awareness parameter value of the household i Acti = {Acti,j} discrete set with all the activities of each household i Appli = {Appli,k} discrete set with all the appliances of each household i CTOU electricity cost after adopting a TOU tariff Cinitial initial electricity cost d Cohen’s d coefficient G = {G1, .., Gk} the set of the clusters created by CSN i household number in the multi-residential building j activities number within a household i k number of energy consumer clusters l pointer in k-means clustering m appliance number within a household i N total number of apartments in the multi-residential building P = {Pt} temporal price vector Probi = {Probi,j} probability of occurrence set for all the activities j in each household i PSi,t probability of shifting consumption behavior on time step t for a household i r effect size correlation Si price sensitivity parameter value of the household i t time steps ui d-dimensional vector representing each household consumer i xi = {xi,t} vector with raw consumption data of each household i yi = {yi,t} vector with expected consumption after applying DR on each household i α coefficient of the probability of shifting μl mean of the points in Gl π electricity cost savings